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POPULATION
As previously stated, Mobile and vicinity were the first settled portions of the
State. The inhabitants were largely French. For about one hundred years the
interior had only an isolated settlement here and there. In 1800, population had
so increased on the Tombigbee that the settlements were formed into
Washington county. About 1805 the Tennessee Valley; in the vicinity of
Huntsville, received its first settler, and in 1808 Madison county was created.
After the Creek War, or about 1815, settlers in large numbers rushed in from the
South Atlantic seaboard, consisting principally of American pioneers of British
origin. The Spanish came to Mobile in considerable numbers from 1780 to 1811
and the Gulf city today is the only community in the State in which there is any
very large infusion of the Latin races. The territory embraced in the State is said
to have been settled more rapidly than any other section of the United States,
and in 1819 passed from territorial pupil age. In 1800 Washington county, then in
the Mississippi Territory, had a population of 1,250; in 1810 the counties of
Baldwin, Madison, and Washington, also in the Mississippi Territory, had 9,046.
In 1820 the population of the State at the first census was 127,901. In 1900 the
population was 1,828,697, or more than fourteen times that of 1820. From 1820
to 1830 the population increased 142 per cent, and from 1830 to 1840, 90.9 per
cent, but subsequently the rate of increase declined until the decade from 1860
to 1870, when it was only 3.4 per cent. The rate of increase of 1900 over 1890 is
20.9 per cent. The total land surface of the State is approximately 51,540 square
miles, and the average number of persons to the square mile was, for 1890, 29.4;
for 1900, 35.5. Detailed population statistics are as follows: 1820, white 85,451,
colored (including slaves and free Negroes) 42,450, total 127,901; 1830, white
190,406, colored 119,121, total 309,527; 1840, white 335,185, colored 255,571,
total 590,756; 1850, white 426,514, colored 345,109, total 771,623; 1860, white
526,271, colored 437,770, total 964,041; 1870, white 521,384, colored 475,510,
all others 98, total 996,992; 1880, white 662,185, colored 600,103, all others 217,
total 1,262,505; 1890, white 830,796, colored 681,431, all others 790, total
1,513,017; 1900, white 1,001,152, colored 827,307, all others 238, total
1,828,697. The estimated population of Alabama on 31 December, 1905, was
2,017,877, and the estimated population of the following cities, same date, is as
follows: Anniston, 10,919; Birmingham, 45,869; Huntsville, 8,110; Mobile,
42,903; Montgomery, 40,808; and Selma, 12,047.
Economy
Service industries, taken together, make up the largest portion of Alabama's gross state product—the total value of all goods and services produced in a state in a year. However, manufacturing is the single leading economic activity in terms of the gross state product. Alabama factories turn out a wide variety of manufactured products. Among the state's leading kinds of manufactured goods are paper products, chemicals, primary metals, and textiles.
Mining and farming also contribute to Alabama's economic output. The state is an important producer of coal and natural gas. Much of its agricultural income is provided by farms that raise livestock.
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